"""Utility functions for copying and archiving files and directory trees.
XXX The functions here don't copy the resource fork or other metadata on Mac.
"""
import os
import sys
import stat
import fnmatch
import collections
import errno
try:
import zlib
del zlib
_ZLIB_SUPPORTED = True
except ImportError:
_ZLIB_SUPPORTED = False
try:
import bz2
del bz2
_BZ2_SUPPORTED = True
except ImportError:
_BZ2_SUPPORTED = False
try:
import lzma
del lzma
_LZMA_SUPPORTED = True
except ImportError:
_LZMA_SUPPORTED = False
try:
from pwd import getpwnam
except ImportError:
getpwnam = None
try:
from grp import getgrnam
except ImportError:
getgrnam = None
__all__ = ["copyfileobj", "copyfile", "copymode", "copystat", "copy", "copy2",
"copytree", "move", "rmtree", "Error", "SpecialFileError",
"ExecError", "make_archive", "get_archive_formats",
"register_archive_format", "unregister_archive_format",
"get_unpack_formats", "register_unpack_format",
"unregister_unpack_format", "unpack_archive",
"ignore_patterns", "chown", "which", "get_terminal_size",
"SameFileError"]
# disk_usage is added later, if available on the platform
class Error(OSError):
pass
class SameFileError(Error):
"""Raised when source and destination are the same file."""
class SpecialFileError(OSError):
"""Raised when trying to do a kind of operation (e.g. copying) which is
not supported on a special file (e.g. a named pipe)"""
class ExecError(OSError):
"""Raised when a command could not be executed"""
class ReadError(OSError):
"""Raised when an archive cannot be read"""
class RegistryError(Exception):
"""Raised when a registry operation with the archiving
and unpacking registries fails"""
def copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16*1024):
"""copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst"""
while 1:
buf = fsrc.read(length)
if not buf:
break
fdst.write(buf)
def _samefile(src, dst):
# Macintosh, Unix.
if hasattr(os.path, 'samefile'):
try:
return os.path.samefile(src, dst)
except OSError:
return False
# All other platforms: check for same pathname.
return (os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(src)) ==
os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(dst)))
def copyfile(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy data from src to dst.
If follow_symlinks is not set and src is a symbolic link, a new
symlink will be created instead of copying the file it points to.
"""
if _samefile(src, dst):
raise SameFileError("{!r} and {!r} are the same file".format(src, dst))
for fn in [src, dst]:
try:
st = os.stat(fn)
except OSError:
# File most likely does not exist
pass
else:
# XXX What about other special files? (sockets, devices...)
if stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode):
raise SpecialFileError("`%s` is a named pipe" % fn)
if not follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(src):
os.symlink(os.readlink(src), dst)
else:
with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:
with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst)
return dst
def copymode(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy mode bits from src to dst.
If follow_symlinks is not set, symlinks aren't followed if and only
if both `src` and `dst` are symlinks. If `lchmod` isn't available
(e.g. Linux) this method does nothing.
"""
if not follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst):
if hasattr(os, 'lchmod'):
stat_func, chmod_func = os.lstat, os.lchmod
else:
return
elif hasattr(os, 'chmod'):
stat_func, chmod_func = os.stat, os.chmod
else:
return
st = stat_func(src)
chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode))
if hasattr(os, 'listxattr'):
def _copyxattr(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy extended filesystem attributes from `src` to `dst`.
Overwrite existing attributes.
If `follow_symlinks` is false, symlinks won't be followed.
"""
try:
names = os.listxattr(src, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno not in (errno.ENOTSUP, errno.ENODATA):
raise
return
for name in names:
try:
value = os.getxattr(src, name, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
os.setxattr(dst, name, value, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno not in (errno.EPERM, errno.ENOTSUP, errno.ENODATA):
raise
else:
def _copyxattr(*args, **kwargs):
pass
def copystat(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy file metadata
Copy the permission bits, last access time, last modification time, and
flags from `src` to `dst`. On Linux, copystat() also copies the "extended
attributes" where possible. The file contents, owner, and group are
unaffected. `src` and `dst` are path names given as strings.
If the optional flag `follow_symlinks` is not set, symlinks aren't
followed if and only if both `src` and `dst` are symlinks.
"""
def _nop(*args, ns=None, follow_symlinks=None):
pass
# follow symlinks (aka don't not follow symlinks)
follow = follow_symlinks or not (os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst))
if follow:
# use the real function if it exists
def lookup(name):
return getattr(os, name, _nop)
else:
# use the real function only if it exists
# *and* it supports follow_symlinks
def lookup(name):
fn = getattr(os, name, _nop)
if fn in os.supports_follow_symlinks:
return fn
return _nop
st = lookup("stat")(src, follow_symlinks=follow)
mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
lookup("utime")(dst, ns=(st.st_atime_ns, st.st_mtime_ns),
follow_symlinks=follow)
try:
lookup("chmod")(dst, mode, follow_symlinks=follow)
except NotImplementedError:
# if we got a NotImplementedError, it's because
# * follow_symlinks=False,
# * lchown() is unavailable, and
# * either
# * fchownat() is unavailable or
# * fchownat() doesn't implement AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW.
# (it returned ENOSUP.)
# therefore we're out of options--we simply cannot chown the
# symlink. give up, suppress the error.
# (which is what shutil always did in this circumstance.)
pass
if hasattr(st, 'st_flags'):
try:
lookup("chflags")(dst, st.st_flags, follow_symlinks=follow)
except OSError as why:
for err in 'EOPNOTSUPP', 'ENOTSUP':
if hasattr(errno, err) and why.errno == getattr(errno, err):
break
else:
raise
_copyxattr(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow)
def copy(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst"). Return the file's destination.
The destination may be a directory.
If follow_symlinks is false, symlinks won't be followed. This
resembles GNU's "cp -P src dst".
If source and destination are the same file, a SameFileError will be
raised.
"""
if os.path.isdir(dst):
dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
copymode(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
return dst
def copy2(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy data and metadata. Return the file's destination.
Metadata is copied with copystat(). Please see the copystat function
for more information.
The destination may be a directory.
If follow_symlinks is false, symlinks won't be followed. This
resembles GNU's "cp -P src dst".
"""
if os.path.isdir(dst):
dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
copystat(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
return dst
def ignore_patterns(*patterns):
"""Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter.
Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns
that are used to exclude files"""
def _ignore_patterns(path, names):
ignored_names = []
for pattern in patterns:
ignored_names.extend(fnmatch.filter(names, pattern))
return set(ignored_names)
return _ignore_patterns
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, copy_function=copy2,
ignore_dangling_symlinks=False):
"""Recursively copy a directory tree.
The destination directory must not already exist.
If exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons.
If the optional symlinks flag is true, symbolic links in the
source tree result in symbolic links in the destination tree; if
it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic
links are copied. If the file pointed by the symlink doesn't
exist, an exception will be added in the list of errors raised in
an Error exception at the end of the copy process.
You can set the optional ignore_dangling_symlinks flag to true if you
want to silence this exception. Notice that this has no effect on
platforms that don't support os.symlink.
The optional ignore argument is a callable. If given, it
is called with the `src` parameter, which is the directory
being visited by copytree(), and `names` which is the list of
`src` contents, as returned by os.listdir():
callable(src, names) -> ignored_names
Since copytree() is called recursively, the callable will be
called once for each directory that is copied. It returns a
list of names relative to the `src` directory that should
not be copied.
The optional copy_function argument is a callable that will be used
to copy each file. It will be called with the source path and the
destination path as arguments. By default, copy2() is used, but any
function that supports the same signature (like copy()) can be used.
"""
names = os.listdir(src)
if ignore is not None:
ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
else:
ignored_names = set()
os.makedirs(dst)
errors = []
for name in names:
if name in ignored_names:
continue
srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
try:
if os.path.islink(srcname):
linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
if symlinks:
# We can't just leave it to `copy_function` because legacy
# code with a custom `copy_function` may rely on copytree
# doing the right thing.
os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
copystat(srcname, dstname, follow_symlinks=not symlinks)
else:
# ignore dangling symlink if the flag is on
if not os.path.exists(linkto) and ignore_dangling_symlinks:
continue
# otherwise let the copy occurs. copy2 will raise an error
if os.path.isdir(srcname):
copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore,
copy_function)
else:
copy_function(srcname, dstname)
elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore, copy_function)
else:
# Will raise a SpecialFileError for unsupported file types
copy_function(srcname, dstname)
# catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can
# continue with other files
except Error as err:
errors.extend(err.args[0])
except OSError as why:
errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
try:
copystat(src, dst)
except OSError as why:
# Copying file access times may fail on Windows
if getattr(why, 'winerror', None) is None:
errors.append((src, dst, str(why)))
if errors:
raise Error(errors)
return dst
# version vulnerable to race conditions
def _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror):
try:
if os.path.islink(path):
# symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669
raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
except OSError:
onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info())
# can't continue even if onerror hook returns
return
names = []
try:
names = os.listdir(path)
except OSError:
onerror(os.listdir, path, sys.exc_info())
for name in names:
fullname = os.path.join(path, name)
try:
mode = os.lstat(fullname).st_mode
except OSError:
mode = 0
if stat.S_ISDIR(mode):
_rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
else:
try:
os.unlink(fullname)
except OSError:
onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
try:
os.rmdir(path)
except OSError:
onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
# Version using fd-based APIs to protect against races
def _rmtree_safe_fd(topfd, path, onerror):
names = []
try:
names = os.listdir(topfd)
except OSError as err:
err.filename = path
onerror(os.listdir, path, sys.exc_info())
for name in names:
fullname = os.path.join(path, name)
try:
orig_st = os.stat(name, dir_fd=topfd, follow_symlinks=False)
mode = orig_st.st_mode
except OSError:
mode = 0
if stat.S_ISDIR(mode):
try:
dirfd = os.open(name, os.O_RDONLY, dir_fd=topfd)
except OSError:
onerror(os.open, fullname, sys.exc_info())
else:
try:
if os.path.samestat(orig_st, os.fstat(dirfd)):
_rmtree_safe_fd(dirfd, fullname, onerror)
try:
os.rmdir(name, dir_fd=topfd)
except OSError:
onerror(os.rmdir, fullname, sys.exc_info())
else:
try:
# This can only happen if someone replaces
# a directory with a symlink after the call to
# stat.S_ISDIR above.
raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic "
"link")
except OSError:
onerror(os.path.islink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
finally:
os.close(dirfd)
else:
try:
os.unlink(name, dir_fd=topfd)
except OSError:
onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
_use_fd_functions = ({os.open, os.stat, os.unlink, os.rmdir} <=
os.supports_dir_fd and
os.listdir in os.supports_fd and
os.stat in os.supports_follow_symlinks)
def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None):
"""Recursively delete a directory tree.
If ignore_errors is set, errors are ignored; otherwise, if onerror
is set, it is called to handle the error with arguments (func,
path, exc_info) where func is platform and implementation dependent;
path is the argument to that function that caused it to fail; and
exc_info is a tuple returned by sys.exc_info(). If ignore_errors
is false and onerror is None, an exception is raised.
"""
if ignore_errors:
def onerror(*args):
pass
elif onerror is None:
def onerror(*args):
raise
if _use_fd_functions:
# While the unsafe rmtree works fine on bytes, the fd based does not.
if isinstance(path, bytes):
path = os.fsdecode(path)
# Note: To guard against symlink races, we use the standard
# lstat()/open()/fstat() trick.
try:
orig_st = os.lstat(path)
except Exception:
onerror(os.lstat, path, sys.exc_info())
return
try:
fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY)
except Exception:
onerror(os.lstat, path, sys.exc_info())
return
try:
if os.path.samestat(orig_st, os.fstat(fd)):
_rmtree_safe_fd(fd, path, onerror)
try:
os.rmdir(path)
except OSError:
onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
else:
try:
# symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669
raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
except OSError:
onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info())
finally:
os.close(fd)
else:
return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
# Allow introspection of whether or not the hardening against symlink
# attacks is supported on the current platform
rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks = _use_fd_functions
def _basename(path):
# A basename() variant which first strips the trailing slash, if present.
# Thus we always get the last component of the path, even for directories.
sep = os.path.sep + (os.path.altsep or '')
return os.path.basename(path.rstrip(sep))
def move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2):
"""Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is
similar to the Unix "mv" command. Return the file or directory's
destination.
If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source
is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already
exist.
If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be
overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics.
If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used.
Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed. Symlinks are
recreated under the new name if os.rename() fails because of cross
filesystem renames.
The optional `copy_function` argument is a callable that will be used
to copy the source or it will be delegated to `copytree`.
By default, copy2() is used, but any function that supports the same
signature (like copy()) can be used.
A lot more could be done here... A look at a mv.c shows a lot of
the issues this implementation glosses over.
"""
real_dst = dst
if os.path.isdir(dst):
if _samefile(src, dst):
# We might be on a case insensitive filesystem,
# perform the rename anyway.
os.rename(src, dst)
return
real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src))
if os.path.exists(real_dst):
raise Error("Destination path '%s' already exists" % real_dst)
try:
os.rename(src, real_dst)
except OSError:
if os.path.islink(src):
linkto = os.readlink(src)
os.symlink(linkto, real_dst)
os.unlink(src)
elif os.path.isdir(src):
if _destinsrc(src, dst):
raise Error("Cannot move a directory '%s' into itself"
" '%s'." % (src, dst))
copytree(src, real_dst, copy_function=copy_function,
symlinks=True)
rmtree(src)
else:
copy_function(src, real_dst)
os.unlink(src)
return real_dst
def _destinsrc(src, dst):
src = os.path.abspath(src)
dst = os.path.abspath(dst)
if not src.endswith(os.path.sep):
src += os.path.sep
if not dst.endswith(os.path.sep):
dst += os.path.sep
return dst.startswith(src)
def _get_gid(name):
"""Returns a gid, given a group name."""
if getgrnam is None or name is None:
return None
try:
result = getgrnam(name)
except KeyError:
result = None
if result is not None:
return result[2]
return None
def _get_uid(name):
"""Returns an uid, given a user name."""
if getpwnam is None or name is None:
return None
try:
result = getpwnam(name)
except KeyError:
result = None
if result is not None:
return result[2]
return None
def _make_tarball(base_name, base_dir, compress="gzip", verbose=0, dry_run=0,
owner=None, group=None, logger=None):
"""Create a (possibly compressed) tar file from all the files under
'base_dir'.
'compress' must be "gzip" (the default), "bzip2", "xz", or None.
'owner' and 'group' can be used to define an owner and a group for the
archive that is being built. If not provided, the current owner and group
will be used.
The output tar file will be named 'base_name' + ".tar", possibly plus
the appropriate compression extension (".gz", ".bz2", or ".xz").
Returns the output filename.
"""
if compress is None:
tar_compression = ''
elif _ZLIB_SUPPORTED and compress == 'gzip':
tar_compression = 'gz'
elif _BZ2_SUPPORTED and compress == 'bzip2':
tar_compression = 'bz2'
elif _LZMA_SUPPORTED and compress == 'xz':
tar_compression = 'xz'
else:
raise ValueError("bad value for 'compress', or compression format not "
"supported : {0}".format(compress))
import tarfile # late import for breaking circular dependency
compress_ext = '.' + tar_compression if compress else ''
archive_name = base_name + '.tar' + compress_ext
archive_dir = os.path.dirname(archive_name)
if archive_dir and not os.path.exists(archive_dir):
if logger is not None:
logger.info("creating %s", archive_dir)
if not dry_run:
os.makedirs(archive_dir)
# creating the tarball
if logger is not None:
logger.info('Creating tar archive')
uid = _get_uid(owner)
gid = _get_gid(group)
def _set_uid_gid(tarinfo):
if gid is not None:
tarinfo.gid = gid
tarinfo.gname = group
if uid is not None:
tarinfo.uid = uid
tarinfo.uname = owner
return tarinfo
if not dry_run:
tar = tarfile.open(archive_name, 'w|%s' % tar_compression)
try:
tar.add(base_dir, filter=_set_uid_gid)
finally:
tar.close()
return archive_name
def _make_zipfile(base_name, base_dir, verbose=0, dry_run=0, logger=None):
"""Create a zip file from all the files under 'base_dir'.
The output zip file will be named 'base_name' + ".zip". Returns the
name of the output zip file.
"""
import zipfile # late import for breaking circular dependency
zip_filename = base_name + ".zip"
archive_dir = os.path.dirname(base_name)
if archive_dir and not os.path.exists(archive_dir):
if logger is not None:
logger.info("creating %s", archive_dir)
if not dry_run:
os.makedirs(archive_dir)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("creating '%s' and adding '%s' to it",
zip_filename, base_dir)
if not dry_run:
with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, "w",
compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
path = os.path.normpath(base_dir)
if path != os.curdir:
zf.write(path, path)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("adding '%s'", path)
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(base_dir):
for name in sorted(dirnames):
path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(dirpath, name))
zf.write(path, path)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("adding '%s'", path)
for name in filenames:
path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(dirpath, name))
if os.path.isfile(path):
zf.write(path, path)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("adding '%s'", path)
return zip_filename
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS = {
'tar': (_make_tarball, [('compress', None)], "uncompressed tar file"),
}
if _ZLIB_SUPPORTED:
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['gztar'] = (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'gzip')],
"gzip'ed tar-file")
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['zip'] = (_make_zipfile, [], "ZIP file")
if _BZ2_SUPPORTED:
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['bztar'] = (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'bzip2')],
"bzip2'ed tar-file")
if _LZMA_SUPPORTED:
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['xztar'] = (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'xz')],
"xz'ed tar-file")
def get_archive_formats():
"""Returns a list of supported formats for archiving and unarchiving.
Each element of the returned sequence is a tuple (name, description)
"""
formats = [(name, registry[2]) for name, registry in
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS.items()]
formats.sort()
return formats
def register_archive_format(name, function, extra_args=None, description=''):
"""Registers an archive format.
name is the name of the format. function is the callable that will be
used to create archives. If provided, extra_args is a sequence of
(name, value) tuples that will be passed as arguments to the callable.
description can be provided to describe the format, and will be returned
by the get_archive_formats() function.
"""
if extra_args is None:
extra_args = []
if not callable(function):
raise TypeError('The %s object is not callable' % function)
if not isinstance(extra_args, (tuple, list)):
raise TypeError('extra_args needs to be a sequence')
for element in extra_args:
if not isinstance(element, (tuple, list)) or len(element) !=2:
raise TypeError('extra_args elements are : (arg_name, value)')
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS[name] = (function, extra_args, description)
def unregister_archive_format(name):
del _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[name]
def make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0,
dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None):
"""Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar).
'base_name' is the name of the file to create, minus any format-specific
extension; 'format' is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "gztar",
"bztar", or "xztar". Or any other registered format.
'root_dir' is a directory that will be the root directory of the
archive; ie. we typically chdir into 'root_dir' before creating the
archive. 'base_dir' is the directory where we start archiving from;
ie. 'base_dir' will be the common prefix of all files and
directories in the archive. 'root_dir' and 'base_dir' both default
to the current directory. Returns the name of the archive file.
'owner' and 'group' are used when creating a tar archive. By default,
uses the current owner and group.
"""
save_cwd = os.getcwd()
if root_dir is not None:
if logger is not None:
logger.debug("changing into '%s'", root_dir)
base_name = os.path.abspath(base_name)
if not dry_run:
os.chdir(root_dir)
if base_dir is None:
base_dir = os.curdir
kwargs = {'dry_run': dry_run, 'logger': logger}
try:
format_info = _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[format]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError("unknown archive format '%s'" % format)
func = format_info[0]
for arg, val in format_info[1]:
kwargs[arg] = val
if format != 'zip':
kwargs['owner'] = owner
kwargs['group'] = group
try:
filename = func(base_name, base_dir, **kwargs)
finally:
if root_dir is not None:
if logger is not None:
logger.debug("changing back to '%s'", save_cwd)
os.chdir(save_cwd)
return filename
def get_unpack_formats():
"""Returns a list of supported formats for unpacking.
Each element of the returned sequence is a tuple
(name, extensions, description)
"""
formats = [(name, info[0], info[3]) for name, info in
_UNPACK_FORMATS.items()]
formats.sort()
return formats
def _check_unpack_options(extensions, function, extra_args):
"""Checks what gets registered as an unpacker."""
# first make sure no other unpacker is registered for this extension
existing_extensions = {}
for name, info in _UNPACK_FORMATS.items():
for ext in info[0]:
existing_extensions[ext] = name
for extension in extensions:
if extension in existing_extensions:
msg = '%s is already registered for "%s"'
raise RegistryError(msg % (extension,
existing_extensions[extension]))
if not callable(function):
raise TypeError('The registered function must be a callable')
def register_unpack_format(name, extensions, function, extra_args=None,
description=''):
"""Registers an unpack format.
`name` is the name of the format. `extensions` is a list of extensions
corresponding to the format.
`function` is the callable that will be
used to unpack archives. The callable will receive archives to unpack.
If it's unable to handle an archive, it needs to raise a ReadError
exception.
If provided, `extra_args` is a sequence of
(name, value) tuples that will be passed as arguments to the callable.
description can be provided to describe the format, and will be returned
by the get_unpack_formats() function.
"""
if extra_args is None:
extra_args = []
_check_unpack_options(extensions, function, extra_args)
_UNPACK_FORMATS[name] = extensions, function, extra_args, description
def unregister_unpack_format(name):
"""Removes the pack format from the registry."""
del _UNPACK_FORMATS[name]
def _ensure_directory(path):
"""Ensure that the parent directory of `path` exists"""
dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
if not os.path.isdir(dirname):
os.makedirs(dirname)
def _unpack_zipfile(filename, extract_dir):
"""Unpack zip `filename` to `extract_dir`
"""
import zipfile # late import for breaking circular dependency
if not zipfile.is_zipfile(filename):
raise ReadError("%s is not a zip file" % filename)
zip = zipfile.ZipFile(filename)
try:
for info in zip.infolist():
name = info.filename
# don't extract absolute paths or ones with .. in them
if name.startswith('/') or '..' in name:
continue
target = os.path.join(extract_dir, *name.split('/'))
if not target:
continue
_ensure_directory(target)
if not name.endswith('/'):
# file
data = zip.read(info.filename)
f = open(target, 'wb')
try:
f.write(data)
finally:
f.close()
del data
finally:
zip.close()
def _unpack_tarfile(filename, extract_dir, *, filter=None):
"""Unpack tar/tar.gz/tar.bz2/tar.xz `filename` to `extract_dir`
"""
import tarfile # late import for breaking circular dependency
try:
tarobj = tarfile.open(filename)
except tarfile.TarError:
raise ReadError(
"%s is not a compressed or uncompressed tar file" % filename)
try:
tarobj.extractall(extract_dir, filter=filter)
finally:
tarobj.close()
_UNPACK_FORMATS = {
'tar': (['.tar'], _unpack_tarfile, [], "uncompressed tar file"),
'zip': (['.zip'], _unpack_zipfile, [], "ZIP file"),
}
if _ZLIB_SUPPORTED:
_UNPACK_FORMATS['gztar'] = (['.tar.gz', '.tgz'], _unpack_tarfile, [],
"gzip'ed tar-file")
if _BZ2_SUPPORTED:
_UNPACK_FORMATS['bztar'] = (['.tar.bz2', '.tbz2'], _unpack_tarfile, [],
"bzip2'ed tar-file")
if _LZMA_SUPPORTED:
_UNPACK_FORMATS['xztar'] = (['.tar.xz', '.txz'], _unpack_tarfile, [],
"xz'ed tar-file")
def _find_unpack_format(filename):
for name, info in _UNPACK_FORMATS.items():
for extension in info[0]:
if filename.endswith(extension):
return name
return None
def unpack_archive(filename, extract_dir=None, format=None, *, filter=None):
"""Unpack an archive.
`filename` is the name of the archive.
`extract_dir` is the name of the target directory, where the archive
is unpacked. If not provided, the current working directory is used.
`format` is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "gztar", "bztar",
or "xztar". Or any other registered format. If not provided,
unpack_archive will use the filename extension and see if an unpacker
was registered for that extension.
In case none is found, a ValueError is raised.
If `filter` is given, it is passed to the underlying
extraction function.
"""
if extract_dir is None:
extract_dir = os.getcwd()
if filter is None:
filter_kwargs = {}
else:
filter_kwargs = {'filter': filter}
if format is not None:
try:
format_info = _UNPACK_FORMATS[format]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError("Unknown unpack format '{0}'".format(format))
func = format_info[1]
func(filename, extract_dir, **dict(format_info[2]), **filter_kwargs)
else:
# we need to look at the registered unpackers supported extensions
format = _find_unpack_format(filename)
if format is None:
raise ReadError("Unknown archive format '{0}'".format(filename))
func = _UNPACK_FORMATS[format][1]
kwargs = dict(_UNPACK_FORMATS[format][2])
kwargs.update(filter_kwargs)
func(filename, extract_dir, **kwargs)
if hasattr(os, 'statvfs'):
__all__.append('disk_usage')
_ntuple_diskusage = collections.namedtuple('usage', 'total used free')
_ntuple_diskusage.total.__doc__ = 'Total space in bytes'
_ntuple_diskusage.used.__doc__ = 'Used space in bytes'
_ntuple_diskusage.free.__doc__ = 'Free space in bytes'
def disk_usage(path):
"""Return disk usage statistics about the given path.
Returned value is a named tuple with attributes 'total', 'used' and
'free', which are the amount of total, used and free space, in bytes.
"""
st = os.statvfs(path)
free = st.f_bavail * st.f_frsize
total = st.f_blocks * st.f_frsize
used = (st.f_blocks - st.f_bfree) * st.f_frsize
return _ntuple_diskusage(total, used, free)
elif os.name == 'nt':
import nt
__all__.append('disk_usage')
_ntuple_diskusage = collections.namedtuple('usage', 'total used free')
def disk_usage(path):
"""Return disk usage statistics about the given path.
Returned values is a named tuple with attributes 'total', 'used' and
'free', which are the amount of total, used and free space, in bytes.
"""
total, free = nt._getdiskusage(path)
used = total - free
return _ntuple_diskusage(total, used, free)
def chown(path, user=None, group=None):
"""Change owner user and group of the given path.
user and group can be the uid/gid or the user/group names, and in that case,
they are converted to their respective uid/gid.
"""
if user is None and group is None:
raise ValueError("user and/or group must be set")
_user = user
_group = group
# -1 means don't change it
if user is None:
_user = -1
# user can either be an int (the uid) or a string (the system username)
elif isinstance(user, str):
_user = _get_uid(user)
if _user is None:
raise LookupError("no such user: {!r}".format(user))
if group is None:
_group = -1
elif not isinstance(group, int):
_group = _get_gid(group)
if _group is None:
raise LookupError("no such group: {!r}".format(group))
os.chown(path, _user, _group)
def get_terminal_size(fallback=(80, 24)):
"""Get the size of the terminal window.
For each of the two dimensions, the environment variable, COLUMNS
and LINES respectively, is checked. If the variable is defined and
the value is a positive integer, it is used.
When COLUMNS or LINES is not defined, which is the common case,
the terminal connected to sys.__stdout__ is queried
by invoking os.get_terminal_size.
If the terminal size cannot be successfully queried, either because
the system doesn't support querying, or because we are not
connected to a terminal, the value given in fallback parameter
is used. Fallback defaults to (80, 24) which is the default
size used by many terminal emulators.
The value returned is a named tuple of type os.terminal_size.
"""
# columns, lines are the working values
try:
columns = int(os.environ['COLUMNS'])
except (KeyError, ValueError):
columns = 0
try:
lines = int(os.environ['LINES'])
except (KeyError, ValueError):
lines = 0
# only query if necessary
if columns <= 0 or lines <= 0:
try:
size = os.get_terminal_size(sys.__stdout__.fileno())
except (AttributeError, ValueError, OSError):
# stdout is None, closed, detached, or not a terminal, or
# os.get_terminal_size() is unsupported
size = os.terminal_size(fallback)
if columns <= 0:
columns = size.columns
if lines <= 0:
lines = size.lines
return os.terminal_size((columns, lines))
def which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
"""Given a command, mode, and a PATH string, return the path which
conforms to the given mode on the PATH, or None if there is no such
file.
`mode` defaults to os.F_OK | os.X_OK. `path` defaults to the result
of os.environ.get("PATH"), or can be overridden with a custom search
path.
"""
# Check that a given file can be accessed with the correct mode.
# Additionally check that `file` is not a directory, as on Windows
# directories pass the os.access check.
def _access_check(fn, mode):
return (os.path.exists(fn) and os.access(fn, mode)
and not os.path.isdir(fn))
# If we're given a path with a directory part, look it up directly rather
# than referring to PATH directories. This includes checking relative to the
# current directory, e.g. ./script
if os.path.dirname(cmd):
if _access_check(cmd, mode):
return cmd
return None
if path is None:
path = os.environ.get("PATH", os.defpath)
if not path:
return None
path = path.split(os.pathsep)
if sys.platform == "win32":
# The current directory takes precedence on Windows.
if not os.curdir in path:
path.insert(0, os.curdir)
# PATHEXT is necessary to check on Windows.
pathext = os.environ.get("PATHEXT", "").split(os.pathsep)
# See if the given file matches any of the expected path extensions.
# This will allow us to short circuit when given "python.exe".
# If it does match, only test that one, otherwise we have to try
# others.
if any(cmd.lower().endswith(ext.lower()) for ext in pathext):
files = [cmd]
else:
files = [cmd + ext for ext in pathext]
else:
# On other platforms you don't have things like PATHEXT to tell you
# what file suffixes are executable, so just pass on cmd as-is.
files = [cmd]
seen = set()
for dir in path:
normdir = os.path.normcase(dir)
if not normdir in seen:
seen.add(normdir)
for thefile in files:
name = os.path.join(dir, thefile)
if _access_check(name, mode):
return name
return None
I am a small town Minnesota single mom of two great kids who are my life. I began modeling 3 years ago for a photographer ho saw something in me I never did. Ice told me I should do one shoot with him and let that be the guide. I reluctantly agreed, and scheduled our date. I was sacred to death when he told me we would be doing a remake of the publicity stills of the 1956 movie Bus Stop, staring Marilyn Monroe. How in the world could I halfway resemble or pull off an icon the likes of Marylin Monroe in my first step in front of camera? Well, 2 hours later we had a nice set of images and I've been hooked ever since. We've done some really cool things and are looking hard at the future ahead to expand and get me out there a little more.
My pinup journey started at the age of 13 when I started collecting vintage decor and clothing- it has since spiraled into doing pinup shoots, meeting and developing friendships with other gorgeous pinups and being published in a pinup blog and magazine. Looking forward to the future and to see where other opportunities will take me!
Full Bio
I started getting into collecting vintage when I was a young kid, my mom would always take me into antique stores and this seemed to be what fueled it all. Eventually I started dressing and collecting vintage clothing and home decor. My apartment is now a great mix of MCM. I’ve done several pinup photoshoots and am looking to doing more in the future. I have been featured in a online pinup blog as well as being published in an state content creators magazine. Looking forward to the future and all the adventures it brings going forward.
Meet Belle Starr, your favorite tattooed 💉, curvy 💃 nurse turning heads and stealing hearts 💘 across Northwest Florida. A professional nurse 👩⚕️ during the week and a sultry pinup queen 👑 on the weekends, she’s the ultimate blend of classy ✨ and sassy 🔥—a vintage vixen with a modern twist.
Full Bio
Meet Belle Starr, your favorite tattooed 💉, curvy 💃 nurse turning heads and stealing hearts 💘 across Northwest Florida. A professional nurse 👩⚕️ during the week and a sultry pinup queen 👑 on the weekends, she’s the ultimate blend of classy ✨ and sassy 🔥—a vintage vixen with a modern twist.
She serves as the secretary for Pinups and Pumps Florida Chapter 💄 and is the official correspondent for PinupDatabase.com 🖋️. Belle Starr is dedicated to empowering women 👠, spotlighting the pinup community, and keeping the spirit of pinup history alive 📸. When she’s not hostessing 🎤 or interviewing at events 🌟, she’s a fierce advocate for the Ostel Place Foundation 🐴🐶🌿, a charity that helps people heal through horses, puppies, and the beauty of nature.
Whether she’s inspiring women 💋, enticing men 🕶️, or stealing the show as an event hostess 🎉, Belle Starr proves that beauty 💎, brains 🧠, and curves 🔥 never go out of style. Follow her journey for a dose of entertainment 🎭, empowerment 💪, and unforgettable vibes 🌟.
I'm a Pin Up model, classic car lover and Patriot. Been in Pin Up since 2014.
Full Bio
BoomBoom Bettie has been in the pinup world since 2014. She has participated in pageants in person and online since 2019. She loves the title of Favorite Pearl that she received. She is the founder of a Pin Up club called Black Sheep Pin Up Social Club in Arizona. She loves being a part of the pin up world and the sisterhood it creates. She loves to attend local car shows and Pin Up events.
𝑰 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒕 my own pics, 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒚, 𝒖𝒔𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒇𝒖𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒔. 𝑪𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒗𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆.
Jill of All, Owner of 5.
@currentteevents philanthropic tshirts
@shopcadesigns jewelry
@ciaraandruby dog models
@openmybar bar consulting
@calishamrock art/photography
My awesome journey began in California, followed by 25 wonderful years in Colorado. In 2019 I made the best choice of my life—moving to Florida, where I’ve truly found my home. The pin up community has been amazing, as I have always been drawn to the vibrant world of rockabilly style, classic cars, and music. Known for being kind, generous, and full of adventure, I cherish my experiences and connecting with new people. As a proud member of "Pinups and Pumps," I deeply appreciate the camaraderie with my sisters. Together, we give back through charity events, creating lasting bonds and memories.
Rating (average)
(0)
City
St. Augustine
Province
FL
Pin Up Group Membership
Pinups and Pumps Florida
Published in the Following Publications
Dream Beauty, Dream Pinup, Wonderland, Social Pin, Smitten Kitten, Dollface Digest, Crowns & Chrome, Drive In and many more
Clarice entered the pinup scene officially in 2019. Her first photoshoot was a tribute to the queen herself, Bettie Page. Dawning the same iconic bangs and hair darker than the devil's soul, she was a tattooed dead ringer. That photoshoot was featured in Retro Lovely's Bettie Page issue in 2019.
6 years later Clarice is a style of her own, finding herself more and more every day. She's a mental health advocate, constantly trying to educate about mental illness to help end the stigma. In March of this year she'll be celebrating 3 years free from alcohol. Supporting sobriety amongst her community is also a passion. Clarice is also Autistic, and tries to educate on hidden disabilities. Not only is she a pinup, she's a mommy first. Having 3 biological children, 3 "step"children, and her youngest being adopted, who's also autistic.
She enjoys creating art through painting, drawing, photography, and floral hair pieces.
Find her at the car shows, especially if there are rat rods and lowriders involved. Lowriders have been a part of her heart since high school. From being in a friend's hopper getting Taco Bell past her curfew, or cruising the beach with the systems bumping.
The name Clarice Von Darling is a tribute to The Silence of the Lambs. In her sister's memory.
62 year old trans woman who is now retired and living life to the fullest. Many past careers including dairy farmer firefighter/emt truck driver school bus driver church sexton cemetery sexton Public works director juice company truck driver and over the road truck driver. Two grown adult children ages 36 and 33 Two grand children ages 14 and 4 Local church member
