"""Stuff to parse Sun and NeXT audio files.
An audio file consists of a header followed by the data. The structure
of the header is as follows.
+---------------+
| magic word |
+---------------+
| header size |
+---------------+
| data size |
+---------------+
| encoding |
+---------------+
| sample rate |
+---------------+
| # of channels |
+---------------+
| info |
| |
+---------------+
The magic word consists of the 4 characters '.snd'. Apart from the
info field, all header fields are 4 bytes in size. They are all
32-bit unsigned integers encoded in big-endian byte order.
The header size really gives the start of the data.
The data size is the physical size of the data. From the other
parameters the number of frames can be calculated.
The encoding gives the way in which audio samples are encoded.
Possible values are listed below.
The info field currently consists of an ASCII string giving a
human-readable description of the audio file. The info field is
padded with NUL bytes to the header size.
Usage.
Reading audio files:
f = sunau.open(file, 'r')
where file is either the name of a file or an open file pointer.
The open file pointer must have methods read(), seek(), and close().
When the setpos() and rewind() methods are not used, the seek()
method is not necessary.
This returns an instance of a class with the following public methods:
getnchannels() -- returns number of audio channels (1 for
mono, 2 for stereo)
getsampwidth() -- returns sample width in bytes
getframerate() -- returns sampling frequency
getnframes() -- returns number of audio frames
getcomptype() -- returns compression type ('NONE' or 'ULAW')
getcompname() -- returns human-readable version of
compression type ('not compressed' matches 'NONE')
getparams() -- returns a namedtuple consisting of all of the
above in the above order
getmarkers() -- returns None (for compatibility with the
aifc module)
getmark(id) -- raises an error since the mark does not
exist (for compatibility with the aifc module)
readframes(n) -- returns at most n frames of audio
rewind() -- rewind to the beginning of the audio stream
setpos(pos) -- seek to the specified position
tell() -- return the current position
close() -- close the instance (make it unusable)
The position returned by tell() and the position given to setpos()
are compatible and have nothing to do with the actual position in the
file.
The close() method is called automatically when the class instance
is destroyed.
Writing audio files:
f = sunau.open(file, 'w')
where file is either the name of a file or an open file pointer.
The open file pointer must have methods write(), tell(), seek(), and
close().
This returns an instance of a class with the following public methods:
setnchannels(n) -- set the number of channels
setsampwidth(n) -- set the sample width
setframerate(n) -- set the frame rate
setnframes(n) -- set the number of frames
setcomptype(type, name)
-- set the compression type and the
human-readable compression type
setparams(tuple)-- set all parameters at once
tell() -- return current position in output file
writeframesraw(data)
-- write audio frames without pathing up the
file header
writeframes(data)
-- write audio frames and patch up the file header
close() -- patch up the file header and close the
output file
You should set the parameters before the first writeframesraw or
writeframes. The total number of frames does not need to be set,
but when it is set to the correct value, the header does not have to
be patched up.
It is best to first set all parameters, perhaps possibly the
compression type, and then write audio frames using writeframesraw.
When all frames have been written, either call writeframes(b'') or
close() to patch up the sizes in the header.
The close() method is called automatically when the class instance
is destroyed.
"""
from collections import namedtuple
_sunau_params = namedtuple('_sunau_params',
'nchannels sampwidth framerate nframes comptype compname')
# from <multimedia/audio_filehdr.h>
AUDIO_FILE_MAGIC = 0x2e736e64
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_MULAW_8 = 1
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_8 = 2
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_16 = 3
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_24 = 4
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_32 = 5
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_FLOAT = 6
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_DOUBLE = 7
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G721 = 23
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G722 = 24
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G723_3 = 25
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ADPCM_G723_5 = 26
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ALAW_8 = 27
# from <multimedia/audio_hdr.h>
AUDIO_UNKNOWN_SIZE = 0xFFFFFFFF # ((unsigned)(~0))
_simple_encodings = [AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_MULAW_8,
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_8,
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_16,
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_24,
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_32,
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ALAW_8]
class Error(Exception):
pass
def _read_u32(file):
x = 0
for i in range(4):
byte = file.read(1)
if not byte:
raise EOFError
x = x*256 + ord(byte)
return x
def _write_u32(file, x):
data = []
for i in range(4):
d, m = divmod(x, 256)
data.insert(0, int(m))
x = d
file.write(bytes(data))
class Au_read:
def __init__(self, f):
if type(f) == type(''):
import builtins
f = builtins.open(f, 'rb')
self._opened = True
else:
self._opened = False
self.initfp(f)
def __del__(self):
if self._file:
self.close()
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, *args):
self.close()
def initfp(self, file):
self._file = file
self._soundpos = 0
magic = int(_read_u32(file))
if magic != AUDIO_FILE_MAGIC:
raise Error('bad magic number')
self._hdr_size = int(_read_u32(file))
if self._hdr_size < 24:
raise Error('header size too small')
if self._hdr_size > 100:
raise Error('header size ridiculously large')
self._data_size = _read_u32(file)
if self._data_size != AUDIO_UNKNOWN_SIZE:
self._data_size = int(self._data_size)
self._encoding = int(_read_u32(file))
if self._encoding not in _simple_encodings:
raise Error('encoding not (yet) supported')
if self._encoding in (AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_MULAW_8,
AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ALAW_8):
self._sampwidth = 2
self._framesize = 1
elif self._encoding == AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_8:
self._framesize = self._sampwidth = 1
elif self._encoding == AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_16:
self._framesize = self._sampwidth = 2
elif self._encoding == AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_24:
self._framesize = self._sampwidth = 3
elif self._encoding == AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_32:
self._framesize = self._sampwidth = 4
else:
raise Error('unknown encoding')
self._framerate = int(_read_u32(file))
self._nchannels = int(_read_u32(file))
self._framesize = self._framesize * self._nchannels
if self._hdr_size > 24:
self._info = file.read(self._hdr_size - 24)
self._info, _, _ = self._info.partition(b'\0')
else:
self._info = b''
try:
self._data_pos = file.tell()
except (AttributeError, OSError):
self._data_pos = None
def getfp(self):
return self._file
def getnchannels(self):
return self._nchannels
def getsampwidth(self):
return self._sampwidth
def getframerate(self):
return self._framerate
def getnframes(self):
if self._data_size == AUDIO_UNKNOWN_SIZE:
return AUDIO_UNKNOWN_SIZE
if self._encoding in _simple_encodings:
return self._data_size // self._framesize
return 0 # XXX--must do some arithmetic here
def getcomptype(self):
if self._encoding == AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_MULAW_8:
return 'ULAW'
elif self._encoding == AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ALAW_8:
return 'ALAW'
else:
return 'NONE'
def getcompname(self):
if self._encoding == AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_MULAW_8:
return 'CCITT G.711 u-law'
elif self._encoding == AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_ALAW_8:
return 'CCITT G.711 A-law'
else:
return 'not compressed'
def getparams(self):
return _sunau_params(self.getnchannels(), self.getsampwidth(),
self.getframerate(), self.getnframes(),
self.getcomptype(), self.getcompname())
def getmarkers(self):
return None
def getmark(self, id):
raise Error('no marks')
def readframes(self, nframes):
if self._encoding in _simple_encodings:
if nframes == AUDIO_UNKNOWN_SIZE:
data = self._file.read()
else:
data = self._file.read(nframes * self._framesize)
self._soundpos += len(data) // self._framesize
if self._encoding == AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_MULAW_8:
import audioop
data = audioop.ulaw2lin(data, self._sampwidth)
return data
return None # XXX--not implemented yet
def rewind(self):
if self._data_pos is None:
raise OSError('cannot seek')
self._file.seek(self._data_pos)
self._soundpos = 0
def tell(self):
return self._soundpos
def setpos(self, pos):
if pos < 0 or pos > self.getnframes():
raise Error('position not in range')
if self._data_pos is None:
raise OSError('cannot seek')
self._file.seek(self._data_pos + pos * self._framesize)
self._soundpos = pos
def close(self):
file = self._file
if file:
self._file = None
if self._opened:
file.close()
class Au_write:
def __init__(self, f):
if type(f) == type(''):
import builtins
f = builtins.open(f, 'wb')
self._opened = True
else:
self._opened = False
self.initfp(f)
def __del__(self):
if self._file:
self.close()
self._file = None
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, *args):
self.close()
def initfp(self, file):
self._file = file
self._framerate = 0
self._nchannels = 0
self._sampwidth = 0
self._framesize = 0
self._nframes = AUDIO_UNKNOWN_SIZE
self._nframeswritten = 0
self._datawritten = 0
self._datalength = 0
self._info = b''
self._comptype = 'ULAW' # default is U-law
def setnchannels(self, nchannels):
if self._nframeswritten:
raise Error('cannot change parameters after starting to write')
if nchannels not in (1, 2, 4):
raise Error('only 1, 2, or 4 channels supported')
self._nchannels = nchannels
def getnchannels(self):
if not self._nchannels:
raise Error('number of channels not set')
return self._nchannels
def setsampwidth(self, sampwidth):
if self._nframeswritten:
raise Error('cannot change parameters after starting to write')
if sampwidth not in (1, 2, 3, 4):
raise Error('bad sample width')
self._sampwidth = sampwidth
def getsampwidth(self):
if not self._framerate:
raise Error('sample width not specified')
return self._sampwidth
def setframerate(self, framerate):
if self._nframeswritten:
raise Error('cannot change parameters after starting to write')
self._framerate = framerate
def getframerate(self):
if not self._framerate:
raise Error('frame rate not set')
return self._framerate
def setnframes(self, nframes):
if self._nframeswritten:
raise Error('cannot change parameters after starting to write')
if nframes < 0:
raise Error('# of frames cannot be negative')
self._nframes = nframes
def getnframes(self):
return self._nframeswritten
def setcomptype(self, type, name):
if type in ('NONE', 'ULAW'):
self._comptype = type
else:
raise Error('unknown compression type')
def getcomptype(self):
return self._comptype
def getcompname(self):
if self._comptype == 'ULAW':
return 'CCITT G.711 u-law'
elif self._comptype == 'ALAW':
return 'CCITT G.711 A-law'
else:
return 'not compressed'
def setparams(self, params):
nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname = params
self.setnchannels(nchannels)
self.setsampwidth(sampwidth)
self.setframerate(framerate)
self.setnframes(nframes)
self.setcomptype(comptype, compname)
def getparams(self):
return _sunau_params(self.getnchannels(), self.getsampwidth(),
self.getframerate(), self.getnframes(),
self.getcomptype(), self.getcompname())
def tell(self):
return self._nframeswritten
def writeframesraw(self, data):
if not isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray)):
data = memoryview(data).cast('B')
self._ensure_header_written()
if self._comptype == 'ULAW':
import audioop
data = audioop.lin2ulaw(data, self._sampwidth)
nframes = len(data) // self._framesize
self._file.write(data)
self._nframeswritten = self._nframeswritten + nframes
self._datawritten = self._datawritten + len(data)
def writeframes(self, data):
self.writeframesraw(data)
if self._nframeswritten != self._nframes or \
self._datalength != self._datawritten:
self._patchheader()
def close(self):
if self._file:
try:
self._ensure_header_written()
if self._nframeswritten != self._nframes or \
self._datalength != self._datawritten:
self._patchheader()
self._file.flush()
finally:
file = self._file
self._file = None
if self._opened:
file.close()
#
# private methods
#
def _ensure_header_written(self):
if not self._nframeswritten:
if not self._nchannels:
raise Error('# of channels not specified')
if not self._sampwidth:
raise Error('sample width not specified')
if not self._framerate:
raise Error('frame rate not specified')
self._write_header()
def _write_header(self):
if self._comptype == 'NONE':
if self._sampwidth == 1:
encoding = AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_8
self._framesize = 1
elif self._sampwidth == 2:
encoding = AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_16
self._framesize = 2
elif self._sampwidth == 3:
encoding = AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_24
self._framesize = 3
elif self._sampwidth == 4:
encoding = AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_LINEAR_32
self._framesize = 4
else:
raise Error('internal error')
elif self._comptype == 'ULAW':
encoding = AUDIO_FILE_ENCODING_MULAW_8
self._framesize = 1
else:
raise Error('internal error')
self._framesize = self._framesize * self._nchannels
_write_u32(self._file, AUDIO_FILE_MAGIC)
header_size = 25 + len(self._info)
header_size = (header_size + 7) & ~7
_write_u32(self._file, header_size)
if self._nframes == AUDIO_UNKNOWN_SIZE:
length = AUDIO_UNKNOWN_SIZE
else:
length = self._nframes * self._framesize
try:
self._form_length_pos = self._file.tell()
except (AttributeError, OSError):
self._form_length_pos = None
_write_u32(self._file, length)
self._datalength = length
_write_u32(self._file, encoding)
_write_u32(self._file, self._framerate)
_write_u32(self._file, self._nchannels)
self._file.write(self._info)
self._file.write(b'\0'*(header_size - len(self._info) - 24))
def _patchheader(self):
if self._form_length_pos is None:
raise OSError('cannot seek')
self._file.seek(self._form_length_pos)
_write_u32(self._file, self._datawritten)
self._datalength = self._datawritten
self._file.seek(0, 2)
def open(f, mode=None):
if mode is None:
if hasattr(f, 'mode'):
mode = f.mode
else:
mode = 'rb'
if mode in ('r', 'rb'):
return Au_read(f)
elif mode in ('w', 'wb'):
return Au_write(f)
else:
raise Error("mode must be 'r', 'rb', 'w', or 'wb'")
openfp = open
Modern Day Pin Up Magazine features Pin Ups from around the world, articles, tutorials and small businesses that promote the vintage stye! Submissions are always open for anything Pin Up related. We are always looking for Retro inspired articles and small businesses to feature. www.moderndaypinupmagazine.com http://www.moderndaypinupmagazine.com
Hey, Sugar! My name is Billie Jayne DeVille. I was born and raised a Georgia Peach but I now
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cabaret dancer at LUCKY LADY CABARET, internet chat model for myfreecams, published Easy riders centerfold and spokesmodel, Gold avenger for superheroinecentral.com, catfightcentral.com, always looking for cool photographers to shoot with...
Magazines include
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Bay City Bombshells (BCB) is a group for women that love the pin-up/vintage/retro/rockabilly lifestyle, the fashion and look, or aspire to learn more about living a vintage lifestyle. Here we are able to share what makes us a bombshell, and share tips and tricks with each other.
Lyndah Pizarro is reality TV personality with a love for all things Pin Up. Lyndah is globally syndicated thanks to her starring role on the hit TV show Operation Repo. Well know for being aired all across the globe and in numerous countries, Lyndah then took her notoriety to different areas where she found much success such as starting her own clothing link known as Pink Pizza, starting her own skin care line known as Lyndah face and make up known as Lyndah Beauty. Lyndah decided to then take a shot at modeling. After trying different genres if modeling, she finally landed where she was always meant to land, in the Pin up world. Since her first photo shoot as a pin up model with Girlie Show photography, Lyndah has been published twice in RetroLovely Magazine and can also be found in Pin Up Kulture Magazine. Then in 2020, Lyndah found herself in her very first international publication with BombShell Magazine.
The Pin Ups & Pumps TN chapter empowers women through the art of pinup, blending vintage style with a passion for community outreach and volunteer work across Southeast Tennessee. We celebrate the charm of classic fashion and car culture while making a meaningful impact in our community!
I was born in Indiana but moved to Tennessee in my late teens. My mother introduced me to Marilyn Monroe at a very young age and I have been enamored with everything pin-up, vintage, and retro ever since. I started pin-up modeling in 2019 with my best friend and photographer Pamela Claytor. I have been very lucky to be a part of her vision and have her expertise along the way. I have been published 7 times so far and have 5 more publications coming up!
The Golden Exposure Inked Aug 2020 - RetroLovely Scrapbook Vol 10 - RetroLovely Heavy Ink No.5 - RetroLovely Taboo No. 34 - RetroLovely Hot Rods Special Edition Vol 1 - Bombshell October 2020 Book 1 - RetroMan Magazine Issue 3 Tiki Special Edition
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Full Bio
I am a portrait photographer, a mother, a wife, a chocoholic and most importantly a woman. I started my portrait studio with the desire to empower women and celebrate all the many things we can be. There is no age limit, no size limit and no weight limit in my studio. Furthermore, there is ZERO judgement.
As a woman, our thoughts are often triggered by our emotions. Let’s play with that for a moment. Close your eyes and imagine for a moment that you have no limitations… what would that feel like? How would you dream of being photographed? Allow me to make that thought come true for you and capture beautiful images that you will cherish forever.
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Born and raised in California. Many summer evenings of my childhood could be found in the garage handing my dad a wrench or holding a flashlight. The smells of exhaust and motor oil bring back those happy memories, because of that, I can often be found at car shows. Most of my time is occupied with wrangling my two rambunctious young sons but when I have some free time I like to create. Whether that’s from either side of a lens, leaning over a craft table or dabbling away on a design, my mind is always thinking up a new creation.
